Scientists at Germany’s DLR Institute of Space Systems were successfully able to grow eight pounds of greens, 70 radishes, and 18 cucumbers without soil. Temperatures outside reached -6 degrees fahrenheit.
The harsh Antarctic conditions and high-tech grow system are meant to mimic the steps astronauts will need to take to feed themselves on the moon or Mars.
ZME SCIENCE explains:The plants were grown without soil, in a closed-water circle. No outside lighting was used — instead, researchers optimized and used an LED system. The carbon dioxide cycle was also closely monitored.
While this is a solid crop already, researchers are expecting much more in the future. The German Aerospace Center DLR, which coordinates the project, said that in the coming months, they expect to harvest 4-5 kilograms of fruit and vegetables a week.
Here are some photos:
- Scientists in Antartica harvest first vegetables without earth, daylight or pesticides from ‘space’ greenhouse https://ebx.sh/2HdU7dZ
So that's a new development.
One thing I want to repeat that I've noted a few times here already. Those who've 'explored' (colonized) on the earth haven't done such a great job or been very kind to what supports life. If we go off into space colonizing, then I hope we will do so realizing we cannot repeat our past mistakes.
"Iraq snapshot" (THE COMMON ILLS):
Thursday, April 5, 2018. The reselling of the Iraq War is in full swing.
"We had to get the Iraqi government ready to fight back," explained Brett McGurk at Tuesday's US Institute of Peace event. He was explaining how the US re-started the military mission in Iraq and speaking from his position as Special Envoy to Iraq.
And speaking with all the hubris you can imagine, serving up all the patronizing We-know-best you can expect. And all to resell the Iraq War (and the war on Syria).
The government had to be taught to fight back.
Think about that for a moment. The government had to be taught to fight back. Why? Maybe because it wasn't a real government. It certainly didn't spring up on its own. Puppet governments never do. The US created the Iraqi government. It doesn't represent the people of Iraq so why would it fight for them? That is what the world saw.
In June of 2014, ISIS seized control of the city of Mosul. The city was 'liberated' when? July 2017. Three years and one month later. Supposedly, 3,000 ISIS fighters held the city at one point. And the Iraqi government had to be taught to fight back?
And look at that great 'teaching.' The US government started 'teaching' Iraq in the summer of 2014. October of 2016, the operation to 'liberate' Mosul finally began. Over two years after the city had been seized, the operation to 'liberate' the city finally began.
That's not a real government.
That's a puppet government installed by foreigners. It's a government that doesn't represent the people. It fears the people. That's why the leaders are hunkered down in the Green Zone still -- all these years later. The heavily fortified Green Zone. And Mosul could be in ruins and controlled by ISIS but the puppet government never worried until they thought Baghdad might be seized.
The US installed the government. That needs to be grasped. The people of Iraq didn't. The US installed a bunch of exiles, people who fled Iraq decades ago and only returned after the US invaded in 2003. From Vivienne Walt's TIME profile of the current prime minister Hayder al-Abadi published last month:
An electrical engineer raised in Baghdad, al-Abadi spent more than 20 years in exile in London during Saddam’s regime. He flew home in 2003, just as the U.S. invasion began.
What instills pride and a strong bond better than turning the leadership of a country over to . . . cowards who fled decades before and only returned after foreigners invaded?
But that's how it's been. One exile after another made prime minister -- all made prime minister by the US government.
Are you surprised they have to be taught "to fight back"? What do they do when not hiding out behind the fortified walls of the Green Zone?
The Iraq War is being resold. That's the point of the US Institute of Peace's Tuesday event -- noted in yesterday's "Iraq snapshot" -- and a sub-thread of Friday's CSIS event -- see Tuesday's "Iraq snapshot" and Monday's "Iraq snapshot." Fresh from moderating the CSIS event, Anthony Cordesman shows up at THE HILL with "Don't take the wrong steps in Syria, Iraq and the fight against terrorism" to argue to continue the US occupation of Iraq as well as for an editor to proof his copy:
The costs of staying in Iraq, maybe? "In"? Pull the string on the 12 inch Anthony doll and he says, "Prepositions is hard." So is common sense which explains why he writes that "it is fundamentally wrong to talk about costs of $7 trillion."
There's not much effort going into ending the Iraq War but there's sure a lot of work going on to keep it going. RUDAW reports:
The KRG’s representative to the United States has called on the US administration to stay the course in Iraq, despite the fact that many Americans are "sick and tired" of their country’s intervention in Iraq.
Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, who heads the KRG’s office in Washington, said she understands the US wants to pull out from the likes of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, but the facts on the ground require their active involvement going forward.
"I do believe the United States has a critical role to play in this," she said during a panel discussion at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) in Washington on Tuesday. The discussion was part of USIP’s conference titled ‘Iraq and Syria: Views from the US Administration, Military Leaders and the Region.’
In other news, IRAQI NEWS reports:
May 12th, Iraq is set to hold parliamentary elections and no one's been bothered by the fact that Ramadan takes place from May 15th to June 14th. Past elections in Iraq have resulted in many delays -- in the case of the 2010 parliamentary elections, many months -- to settle. If the post-election process goes even 1/4 as poorly as it did in 2010, Ramadan will only compound that. Holding the election three days before Ramadan was very poor planning.
Hayder al-Abadi staked his future on the premature claim that he vanquished ISIS in Iraq. That, of course, hasn't proven to be the case. ISIS was supposed to be Hayder's big claim to fame.
Nouri al-Maliki was ousted by Barack Obama in 2014 because ISIS had seized Mosul and other spots. Otherwise, the US would have kept installing Nouri every four years as Bully Boy Bush and Barack had already done. It's that 'stability' that Cordesman is arguing for. Forget that Nouri was running secret prisons and torture sites, forget that this had been exposed in the press, forget that he was disappearing people, forget that he was having the military use tanks to circle the homes of members of Parliament that he didn't like, none of that mattered. Nor did his attacks on journalism and journalists. His forces kidnapped reporters who covered the protests. Even after both NPR and THE WASHINGTON POST reported that, Nouri was still given a pass by Barack.
The passes would have continued were it not for the rise of ISIS.
Hayder was installed by Barack to to get rid of ISIS.
He hasn't.
Hayder hasn't been very effective eliminating corruption either. MEM reported two weeks ago, "Iraqi Prime Minister Haidar Al-Abadi yesterday ordered an immediate investigation into allegations that fake jobs in the public sector were being offered to citizens by political parties in order to win votes in the country’s upcoming general elections." ALSUMARIA reported today that the Badr Organization's Hadi al-Amiri stated they would eliminate corruption. He stated that they would create needed jobs and punish those who had stolen Iraq's wealth. Hadi is a militia thug and he's also one of the corrupt -- most infamously, he ordered a plane to remain on the runway and wait for his spoiled son Mahdi to make the flight but the plane left Lebanon without Mahdi on board so al-Amiri, then-Minister of Transportation in Iraq, refused to allow the plane to land. It caused quite an uproar -- as CNN noted in real time.
We'll close with this from Emma Skye's new essay for FOREIGN AFFAIRS:
On May 12, Iraqis will head to the polls for parliamentary elections. These elections are coming at a pivotal moment. Since the Iraqi military announced the defeat of the Islamic State (or ISIS) in December 2017, millions of refugees and displaced people have returned to their homes. In Mosul, students are now back in school and the library that ISIS destroyed is open again. Baghdad feels safer than it has at any point since 2003—shopping malls are doing good business, new coffeehouses are opening, and parks are once again full of families.
Emma Skye is the author of THE UNRAVELING: HIGH HOPES AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN IRAQ.
The following community sites updated:
"We had to get the Iraqi government ready to fight back," explained Brett McGurk at Tuesday's US Institute of Peace event. He was explaining how the US re-started the military mission in Iraq and speaking from his position as Special Envoy to Iraq.
And speaking with all the hubris you can imagine, serving up all the patronizing We-know-best you can expect. And all to resell the Iraq War (and the war on Syria).
The government had to be taught to fight back.
Think about that for a moment. The government had to be taught to fight back. Why? Maybe because it wasn't a real government. It certainly didn't spring up on its own. Puppet governments never do. The US created the Iraqi government. It doesn't represent the people of Iraq so why would it fight for them? That is what the world saw.
In June of 2014, ISIS seized control of the city of Mosul. The city was 'liberated' when? July 2017. Three years and one month later. Supposedly, 3,000 ISIS fighters held the city at one point. And the Iraqi government had to be taught to fight back?
And look at that great 'teaching.' The US government started 'teaching' Iraq in the summer of 2014. October of 2016, the operation to 'liberate' Mosul finally began. Over two years after the city had been seized, the operation to 'liberate' the city finally began.
That's not a real government.
That's a puppet government installed by foreigners. It's a government that doesn't represent the people. It fears the people. That's why the leaders are hunkered down in the Green Zone still -- all these years later. The heavily fortified Green Zone. And Mosul could be in ruins and controlled by ISIS but the puppet government never worried until they thought Baghdad might be seized.
The US installed the government. That needs to be grasped. The people of Iraq didn't. The US installed a bunch of exiles, people who fled Iraq decades ago and only returned after the US invaded in 2003. From Vivienne Walt's TIME profile of the current prime minister Hayder al-Abadi published last month:
An electrical engineer raised in Baghdad, al-Abadi spent more than 20 years in exile in London during Saddam’s regime. He flew home in 2003, just as the U.S. invasion began.
What instills pride and a strong bond better than turning the leadership of a country over to . . . cowards who fled decades before and only returned after foreigners invaded?
But that's how it's been. One exile after another made prime minister -- all made prime minister by the US government.
Are you surprised they have to be taught "to fight back"? What do they do when not hiding out behind the fortified walls of the Green Zone?
The Iraq War is being resold. That's the point of the US Institute of Peace's Tuesday event -- noted in yesterday's "Iraq snapshot" -- and a sub-thread of Friday's CSIS event -- see Tuesday's "Iraq snapshot" and Monday's "Iraq snapshot." Fresh from moderating the CSIS event, Anthony Cordesman shows up at THE HILL with "Don't take the wrong steps in Syria, Iraq and the fight against terrorism" to argue to continue the US occupation of Iraq as well as for an editor to proof his copy:
As
for costs, we need strategic patience, and it is fundamentally wrong to
talk about costs of $7 trillion. Anything like this total must include
the total cost of the Afghan and Iraq conflicts, massive estimates about
additional opportunity costs, and large amounts of regular defense
spending that were concealed in the wartime overseas contingency
accounts.
In
any case, the U.S. military has vastly reduced the cost of our presence
in Syrian and Iraq by relying on airpower and limited numbers of train
and assist forces to support host country ground forces. This eliminates
the need to deploy U.S. ground combat units, and massively reduces our
costs as well as casualties. If one looks at the president’s fiscal 2019
budget request, the cost of training and equipping Syrian opposition
forces drops from $500 million in fiscal 2018 to $300 million. No
estimates are provided of the cost of airpower, but these too are likely
to be far smaller.
The
costs of staying Iraq are also dropping from $1.27 billion in fiscal
2018 to $850 million in fiscal 2019. We should have learned from rushing
out of Iraq, and trying to rush out of Afghanistan, that doing so
before host country forces are ready could waste the money we plan to
spend on making Iraq secure, allow it to truly defeat ISIS, and give it
the strength to deal with Iran.
The costs of staying in Iraq, maybe? "In"? Pull the string on the 12 inch Anthony doll and he says, "Prepositions is hard." So is common sense which explains why he writes that "it is fundamentally wrong to talk about costs of $7 trillion."
There's not much effort going into ending the Iraq War but there's sure a lot of work going on to keep it going. RUDAW reports:
The KRG’s representative to the United States has called on the US administration to stay the course in Iraq, despite the fact that many Americans are "sick and tired" of their country’s intervention in Iraq.
Bayan Sami Abdul Rahman, who heads the KRG’s office in Washington, said she understands the US wants to pull out from the likes of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, but the facts on the ground require their active involvement going forward.
"I do believe the United States has a critical role to play in this," she said during a panel discussion at the United States Institute of Peace (USIP) in Washington on Tuesday. The discussion was part of USIP’s conference titled ‘Iraq and Syria: Views from the US Administration, Military Leaders and the Region.’
In other news, IRAQI NEWS reports:
Iraq’s
President has stressed that his country would not allow Turkey to make
any military incursions at the northern region, but voiced concern about
a possible reproduction of the Turkish operation against Kurdish
factions in Syria.
Speaking
in an interview with London-based al-Hayat, Fuad Masum stressed that
“after the withdrawal of the party (Kurdistan Workers Party- PKK), no
foreign force can come and occupy any part of Iraq.
Masum,
however, asked about the possibility of Turkey copying its operations
against Kurdish factions in Syria’s Afrin to Iraq, said “We hope they do
not take that step”.
Turkish
President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said in a speech last month that his
country would, at any time, launch operations in Iraq’s northern Sinjar
region against PKK, a group designated by Ankara as a terrorist group
for engaging in decades of armed confrontations with it. He said in a
more recent speech that Turkey would not ask for permission to start the operations.
May 12th, Iraq is set to hold parliamentary elections and no one's been bothered by the fact that Ramadan takes place from May 15th to June 14th. Past elections in Iraq have resulted in many delays -- in the case of the 2010 parliamentary elections, many months -- to settle. If the post-election process goes even 1/4 as poorly as it did in 2010, Ramadan will only compound that. Holding the election three days before Ramadan was very poor planning.
Hayder al-Abadi staked his future on the premature claim that he vanquished ISIS in Iraq. That, of course, hasn't proven to be the case. ISIS was supposed to be Hayder's big claim to fame.
Nouri al-Maliki was ousted by Barack Obama in 2014 because ISIS had seized Mosul and other spots. Otherwise, the US would have kept installing Nouri every four years as Bully Boy Bush and Barack had already done. It's that 'stability' that Cordesman is arguing for. Forget that Nouri was running secret prisons and torture sites, forget that this had been exposed in the press, forget that he was disappearing people, forget that he was having the military use tanks to circle the homes of members of Parliament that he didn't like, none of that mattered. Nor did his attacks on journalism and journalists. His forces kidnapped reporters who covered the protests. Even after both NPR and THE WASHINGTON POST reported that, Nouri was still given a pass by Barack.
The passes would have continued were it not for the rise of ISIS.
Hayder was installed by Barack to to get rid of ISIS.
He hasn't.
Hayder hasn't been very effective eliminating corruption either. MEM reported two weeks ago, "Iraqi Prime Minister Haidar Al-Abadi yesterday ordered an immediate investigation into allegations that fake jobs in the public sector were being offered to citizens by political parties in order to win votes in the country’s upcoming general elections." ALSUMARIA reported today that the Badr Organization's Hadi al-Amiri stated they would eliminate corruption. He stated that they would create needed jobs and punish those who had stolen Iraq's wealth. Hadi is a militia thug and he's also one of the corrupt -- most infamously, he ordered a plane to remain on the runway and wait for his spoiled son Mahdi to make the flight but the plane left Lebanon without Mahdi on board so al-Amiri, then-Minister of Transportation in Iraq, refused to allow the plane to land. It caused quite an uproar -- as CNN noted in real time.
The election will require a get-out the vote program. The
United Nations Development Program's David Aasen recently spoke with
Nawal Hussein Khaled who heads Iraq's Electoral Commission's Electoral
Media and Public Outreach Department.
UNDP: What does Electoral Media do?
NH: This Section establishes and implements the electoral media plans—for the National Office and for each of the Governorate Electoral Offices (GEOs). We oversee the production of TV/radio spots based on the key messages we provide, and coordinate with the Graphics Unit to design and print the materials.
These are the booklets, posters, banners distributed in the meetings with voters and displayed nationwide during each phase of the campaigns. The Electoral Commission has just completed the Voter Registration Update stage of the Governorate Council Elections. The next phase will focus on the concept of ‘get out the vote’, which is part of the polling phase. We also organize the production of promotional materials and place official notices of procedures, like registration of candidates, in the press.
UNDP: How have electoral media campaigns changed since the first elections of the political transition?
NH: In the first elections, the UN was responsible for the whole media campaign. We have been trained by the UN and now we’re doing the job. The campaign is being carried out by Iraqi hands.
We learn from our mistakes in each campaign and take measures to avoid them in the future. Some activities can be a challenge but we adapt to meet the needs of the GEOs. We can call on the UN for advice. They help us to accelerate certain actions; like UNDP placing banners on Yahoo! sites for this campaign. (The website banners, illustrated by ‘Abu Mutar’ (Father of Rain), a popular cartoon character created by the Electoral Commission artists, appear in Yahoo! mail accounts in Iraq. Abu Mutar’s captions clarify electoral information.)
Prime Minister Abadi has announced his plan to lead a coalition of mostly Shia parties and independent Sunni figures under the framework of his Victory (Nasr) Alliance. In launching his own coalition, Abadi is competing with Vice President and former prime minister Nouri al Maliki, who, like Abadi, is a leading member of the Dawa Party. Maliki’s State of Law alliance has been critical of Abadi’s leadership, and some State of Law members are vocal opponents of Iraq’s security partnership with the United States. Several former leaders of the Popular Mobilization Force (PMF) militias organized to help fight the Islamic State are participating in the elections as candidates under the rubric of the Fatah Alliance (see textbox below).
Other prominent Iraqi figures have organized coalitions and lists to contest the election, including a largely Sunni list led by Vice President Osama al Nujayfi and the National Alliance jointly led by Vice President Iyad Allawi, COR Speaker Salim al Juburi, and former deputy Prime Minister Salih al Mutlaq. Among Shia leaders, Ammar al Hakim’s Wisdom (Hikma) movement has formally withdrawn from the Prime Minister’s coalition, but Hakim reportedly intends to coordinate with Abadi during government formation negotiations after the election. Shia cleric Muqtada al Sadr is directing his followers to support the multiparty, anti-corruption oriented Sa’irun coalition. Sadr has criticized the participation of PMF leaders in the election and is campaigning on a populist reform and anti-corruption platform.
The 2005 election was decided by the US government (Bully Boy Bush installed Nouri al-Maliki as prime minister in May of 2006). The March 2010 election was decided by the US government (President Barack Obama had The Erbil Agreement negotiated to give Nouri a second term after he lost the election). The 2014 election was decided by the US government (Barack, now tired of Nouri, installed Hayder al-Abadi).
Former prime minister and forever thug Nouri wants to be prime minister again despite his flunkies repeatedly insisting that is not the case. ALSUMARIA reported last week that Nouri has insisted Iraq is passing through a serious, make-it-or-break-it period. Naturally, Nouri believes he's the one who can save the country -- despite nearly destroying it in 2014.. Last week, ALSUMARIA noted that he's saying Iraq needs someone who can lead the country in construction and progress. Others who would like to become prime minister include Shi'ite cleric and movement leader Moqtada al-Sadr who has teamed up with five other groups -- including the Iraqi Communist Party -- for this election cycle. Two others who'd like to become prime minister, Ammar al-Hakim and Ayad Allawi, have done joint photo-ops.
UNDP: What does Electoral Media do?
NH: This Section establishes and implements the electoral media plans—for the National Office and for each of the Governorate Electoral Offices (GEOs). We oversee the production of TV/radio spots based on the key messages we provide, and coordinate with the Graphics Unit to design and print the materials.
These are the booklets, posters, banners distributed in the meetings with voters and displayed nationwide during each phase of the campaigns. The Electoral Commission has just completed the Voter Registration Update stage of the Governorate Council Elections. The next phase will focus on the concept of ‘get out the vote’, which is part of the polling phase. We also organize the production of promotional materials and place official notices of procedures, like registration of candidates, in the press.
UNDP: How have electoral media campaigns changed since the first elections of the political transition?
NH: In the first elections, the UN was responsible for the whole media campaign. We have been trained by the UN and now we’re doing the job. The campaign is being carried out by Iraqi hands.
We learn from our mistakes in each campaign and take measures to avoid them in the future. Some activities can be a challenge but we adapt to meet the needs of the GEOs. We can call on the UN for advice. They help us to accelerate certain actions; like UNDP placing banners on Yahoo! sites for this campaign. (The website banners, illustrated by ‘Abu Mutar’ (Father of Rain), a popular cartoon character created by the Electoral Commission artists, appear in Yahoo! mail accounts in Iraq. Abu Mutar’s captions clarify electoral information.)
Analysis of the election from Christopher M. Blanchard (CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH SERVICE):
Prime Minister Abadi has announced his plan to lead a coalition of mostly Shia parties and independent Sunni figures under the framework of his Victory (Nasr) Alliance. In launching his own coalition, Abadi is competing with Vice President and former prime minister Nouri al Maliki, who, like Abadi, is a leading member of the Dawa Party. Maliki’s State of Law alliance has been critical of Abadi’s leadership, and some State of Law members are vocal opponents of Iraq’s security partnership with the United States. Several former leaders of the Popular Mobilization Force (PMF) militias organized to help fight the Islamic State are participating in the elections as candidates under the rubric of the Fatah Alliance (see textbox below).
Other prominent Iraqi figures have organized coalitions and lists to contest the election, including a largely Sunni list led by Vice President Osama al Nujayfi and the National Alliance jointly led by Vice President Iyad Allawi, COR Speaker Salim al Juburi, and former deputy Prime Minister Salih al Mutlaq. Among Shia leaders, Ammar al Hakim’s Wisdom (Hikma) movement has formally withdrawn from the Prime Minister’s coalition, but Hakim reportedly intends to coordinate with Abadi during government formation negotiations after the election. Shia cleric Muqtada al Sadr is directing his followers to support the multiparty, anti-corruption oriented Sa’irun coalition. Sadr has criticized the participation of PMF leaders in the election and is campaigning on a populist reform and anti-corruption platform.
The 2005 election was decided by the US government (Bully Boy Bush installed Nouri al-Maliki as prime minister in May of 2006). The March 2010 election was decided by the US government (President Barack Obama had The Erbil Agreement negotiated to give Nouri a second term after he lost the election). The 2014 election was decided by the US government (Barack, now tired of Nouri, installed Hayder al-Abadi).
This time around Iraqis will get to decide?
Former prime minister and forever thug Nouri wants to be prime minister again despite his flunkies repeatedly insisting that is not the case. ALSUMARIA reported last week that Nouri has insisted Iraq is passing through a serious, make-it-or-break-it period. Naturally, Nouri believes he's the one who can save the country -- despite nearly destroying it in 2014.. Last week, ALSUMARIA noted that he's saying Iraq needs someone who can lead the country in construction and progress. Others who would like to become prime minister include Shi'ite cleric and movement leader Moqtada al-Sadr who has teamed up with five other groups -- including the Iraqi Communist Party -- for this election cycle. Two others who'd like to become prime minister, Ammar al-Hakim and Ayad Allawi, have done joint photo-ops.
Ayad Allawi should have been prime minister per the 2010 elections.
But Nouri refused to step down for eight months and brought the country
to a stalemate. Let's review, Barack Obama, then president, refused to back the
winner of the election and instead brokered The Erbil Agreement which,
in November of 2010, gave Nouri a second term as prime minister -- in
effect, nullifying the election results and overturning the will of the
Iraqi people.
March 7, 2010, Iraq concluded Parliamentary elections. The Guardian's editorial board noted in August 2010, "These elections were hailed prematurely by Mr Obama as a success, but everything that has happened since has surely doused that optimism in a cold shower of reality."
November 10, 2010, The Erbil Agreement is signed. November 11, 2010, the Iraqi Parliament has their first real session in over eight months and finally declares a president, a Speaker of Parliament and Nouri as prime minister-designate -- all the things that were supposed to happen in April of 2010 but didn't. Again, it wasn't smart to schedule elections right before Ramadan.
March 7, 2010, Iraq concluded Parliamentary elections. The Guardian's editorial board noted in August 2010, "These elections were hailed prematurely by Mr Obama as a success, but everything that has happened since has surely doused that optimism in a cold shower of reality."
November 10, 2010, The Erbil Agreement is signed. November 11, 2010, the Iraqi Parliament has their first real session in over eight months and finally declares a president, a Speaker of Parliament and Nouri as prime minister-designate -- all the things that were supposed to happen in April of 2010 but didn't. Again, it wasn't smart to schedule elections right before Ramadan.
We'll close with this from Emma Skye's new essay for FOREIGN AFFAIRS:
On May 12, Iraqis will head to the polls for parliamentary elections. These elections are coming at a pivotal moment. Since the Iraqi military announced the defeat of the Islamic State (or ISIS) in December 2017, millions of refugees and displaced people have returned to their homes. In Mosul, students are now back in school and the library that ISIS destroyed is open again. Baghdad feels safer than it has at any point since 2003—shopping malls are doing good business, new coffeehouses are opening, and parks are once again full of families.
Iraq has
been at a similar crossroads before. In 2010, after the defeat of al
Qaeda in Iraq, the sectarian war appeared to be over and both Iraqis and
Americans were hopeful that elections would put the country on the path
to sustainable peace. But then it all unraveled. Although the incumbent
prime minister, Nouri al-Maliki, who led the State of Law Coalition,
did not win the most seats, the Obama administration threw its support
behind him. The administration was convinced that Maliki was
pro-American and would allow a small contingent of U.S. forces to remain
in Iraq when the status of forces agreement between the two countries
expired in 2011. They also calculated that maintaining the status quo
was the quickest way to ensure that an Iraqi government would be in
place ahead of U.S. midterm elections. In practice, however, this
decision failed to help Iraq move beyond sectarianism and undermined the
notion that change could come about through politics rather than
violence.
Emma Skye is the author of THE UNRAVELING: HIGH HOPES AND MISSED OPPORTUNITIES IN IRAQ.
The following community sites updated:
